Why Marrakesh is Called the Red City
Marrakesh, one of Morocco’s most iconic cities, is often referred to as the “Red City.” This nickname comes from the distinct reddish hue that characterizes its buildings, walls, and historic monuments. This warm color permeates every corner of the city, adding to its enchanting allure. But why is red so prevalent? It is not just a matter of aesthetics; it is deeply rooted in Marrakesh’s history and culture.
Historical Origins of the Red Color
Marrakesh was founded in 1070 by the Almoravid dynasty. Early builders used locally sourced materials, including red sandstone and clay, which are rich in iron oxide. These natural elements gave the city’s buildings and fortifications their signature reddish hue—a defining characteristic that has endured for centuries.
During the 12th century, under Almohad rule, Marrakesh’s iconic red walls were further strengthened and expanded, cementing its identity as the “Red City.” This legacy remains intact today.
The city’s arid climate and strong sunlight also intensify the red tones, particularly at sunset, enhancing the city’s distinctive appearance.
The Architectural and Symbolic Significance of the Red City
The color red is so important to Marrakesh that local authorities have introduced regulations to preserve its traditional appearance. New buildings must adhere to the city’s historic color scheme, ensuring that development does not come at the expense of cultural identity.
Efforts have also been made in recent years to restore and preserve Marrakesh’s historic buildings, maintaining their characteristic red hues.
Beyond its architectural significance, Marrakesh red holds deep symbolic meaning in Moroccan culture. Red is often associated with strength, courage, and vitality—qualities that reflect the city’s energetic spirit, bustling souks, and lively Jemaa el-Fnaa Square. Many non-red historic buildings also incorporate red elements into their facades and decorations, emphasizing the color’s cultural importance.
Visitors are captivated by the contrast between the Red City’s architecture and Morocco’s deep blue sky. The city offers numerous vantage points to admire its stunning landscape, such as the terrace of Café de France or the minaret of the Koutoubia Mosque.
Red Buildings to Visit in Marrakesh
Marrakesh is home to several stunning red-hued landmarks. Here are the ones that we consider a must-visit:
Koutoubia Mosque: It is the largest mosque in Marrakesh, built in the 12th century using red sandstone. Its 77-meter-high minaret is an iconic symbol of the city.
Bahia Palace: Famous for its intricate tilework, but its courtyard structures and exteriors feature Marrakesh’s characteristic red tones.
El Badi Palace: A 16th-century ruined palace with large red sandstone walls. From here you can enjoy spectacular panoramic views from its terraces.
Saadian Tombs: A historic burial site from the Saadian dynasty showcasing fascinating red-hued architecture.
The Medina and Its Walls: The old city is surrounded by 19 kilometers of fortified red walls, which have stood for centuries. These walls remain one of Marrakesh’s most recognizable landmarks.
Dar El Bacha Museum: A palace-turned-museum featuring impressive interiors and red earth-tone facades.
